Achilles routs the trojans and splits their ranks, pursuing half of them into the river known to the gods as xanthus and to the mortals as. With the trojans now secure in their city, hektor as their sole representative stands outside the city gates and. This video provides an indepth summary and analysis of the plot, characters and themes of book 22 of homers epic poem the iliad. Iliad study guide contains a biography of homer, literature essays, a complete etext, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and analysis. The gods having left the field, the grecians prevail. Achilles still chases apollo who turns and tells him that it is impossible to kill him. Find a summary of this and each chapter of the iliad.
It is an epic poem, written in ancient greek but assumed to be derived from earlier oral sources, and tells much of the story of the legendary trojan war between mainland greece and the city of troy in asia minor. In the very first line of the iliad, the poet addresses the muse, who inspires him with song, and asks her to sing through him the story of the wrath of the son of peleus, aka achilles. The iliad, together with the odyssey, is one of two ancient greek epic poems traditionally attributed to homer. It comes from the greek word for troy ilios or ilion. His descriptions of the deadly wounds fighters inflict on one another are brutal but also based on a consistent formula. Home english literature classic books the iliad book xxii navigate here note book i book ii book iii book iv book v book vi book vii book viii book ix book x book xi book xii book xiii book xiv book xv book xvi book xvii book xviii book. After the funeral feast he retires to the seashore, where, falling asleep, the ghost of his friend appears to him, and demands the rites of burial. This lesson provides an overview of book 22 of homers the iliad. Hera sends a mist to confuse and slow the retreat of the men going back towards the city.
It is a curious fact about the iliad that, for all its focus on the theme of death, it rarely shows characters longing for immortality. The iliad is an epic poem by homer that tells the story of several weeks in the last year of the decadelong trojan war in the greek camp, agamemnon and achilles, the greeks. The trojans being safe within the walls, hector only stays to oppose achilles. Below you will find a synopsis of some of the main events to which the iliad refers. Structurally, this book has three early appeals to hektor, begging him to come inside the walls of troy, balanced late in the book by three laments for hektors death. The iliad homer translated by samuel butler homer 800 bc an ionian poet. In this chapter, we finally see achilles and hector engage in battle, and things do not end well for hector. Created by harvard students for students everywhere, sparknotes is a new breed of study guide. Why should not the poet be adducing elliptically a feature that figures more fully elsewhere in his own poem.
Written by harvard students for students, since its. Home english literature classic books the iliad book vii navigate here note book i book ii book iii book iv book v book vi book vii book viii book ix book x book xi book xii book xiii book xiv book xv book xvi book xvii book xviii book xix book xx book xxi book xxii book xxiii book xxiv. Geared to what todays students need to know, sparknotes provides chapterbychapter analysis. Achilles still chases apollo who turns and tells him that it. Check out our revolutionary sidebyside summary and analysis. This study guide consists of approximately 114 pages of chapter summaries, quotes, character analysis, themes, and more everything you need to sharpen your knowledge of the iliad. Summary and analysis of book 22 of homers iliad, with a focus on the duel between hector and achilles. Achilles singlehandedly splits the trojan forces, driving one half towards the city and one half into the river. The first event is the chariot race, and achilles lays out rich prizes for the victors.
Theyre todays most popular study guideswith everything you need to succeed in school. Sparknotes for the iliad cliffs notes for the iliad shmoop notes for the iliad click on summaries books of the iliad. In the first section of book xxi, achilles kills lykaon, a son of priam. The gods deliberate about the redemption of hectors body.
The battle continues, and although the gods are no longer taking part, the achaians drive back the trojans. Eumelus, diomedes, menelaus, antilochus, and meriones participate in the race. Dietrich, the judgement of zeus, rheinisches museum 107 1964. Historians cannot agree where homer was born, whether he was blind, whether he wrote both the iliad and the odyssey, or even if he actually existed. The suffix ad means associated with, hence the iliad is a story associated with troy. Well, the first place you could look is the enotes summary on homers iliad.
Below youll find pdfs of the selections of the iliad we are reading in class. This contains a book by book summary and analysis of homers epic poem. Achilles oversees a series of funeral games to celebrate the memory of patroclus. First, the priest chryses comes to ask their leader, king agamemnon, to release his daughter, whom agamemnon was holding captive. Whatever the case may be, the influence of the two enduring epics attributed to him is indisputable. The iliad sparknotes literature guide series by sparknotes. Apollo, still angry with diomedes, knocks his whip out of his hand, but athena gives it back to. Homer calls upon the goddess of poetry and inspiration the muse to sing of achilleus anger. Gill is a freelance classics and ancient history writer.
Homers epic poem the iliad tells the story of the trojan war and the epic heroes and gods, including achilles, hector, odysseus, athena, ares. Thus the trojans in the city, scared like fawns, wiped the sweat. Except for hector, the trojans are inside the walls of troy. Check out our revolutionary side byside summary and analysis. This is one of the few times when this happens, and it is interesting that hektor says it out of excitement wanting the moment to last forever instead of despair at a moment passing. In the tenth year of the trojan war, tensions are running high among the achaians a superancient name for the ancient greeks. The theme of achilless wrath, which begins the poem, reaches its highest point in the death of. Homers epic poem the iliad tells the story of the trojan war and the epic heroes and gods, including achilles, hector, odysseus, athena, ares, paris. Although he alludes to the death of foot soldiers, homer primarily focuses on individual clashes between champions and other notable fighters. Litcharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in the iliad, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work. She has a masters degree in linguistics and is a former latin teacher.
Oct, 2017 the iliad book summary in under five minutes. Chryses, priest of apollo, comes to the greek camp to ransom his daughter, chryseis, held captive by agamemnon. Apollos priest chryses comes to the achaian camp and asks to ransom back his daughter chryseis, who has been captured. Perfect for acing essays, tests, and quizzes, as well as for writing lesson plans. Achilles chases the man he believes to be agenor, but soon apollo reveals himself to achilles, taunting him for chasing a god. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Home english literature classic books the iliad book xxii navigate here note book i book ii book iii book iv book v book vi book vii book viii book ix book x book xi book xii book xiii book xiv book xv book xvi book xvii book xviii book xix book xx book xxi book xxii book xxiii book xxiv. Home english literature classic books the iliad book xxii. Apollo turns to achilles to tell him he is wasting his time pursuing a god since he cant kill him. Achilles is angered that apollo has prevented him from gaining more glory, and begins running. The unimportant lykaon is used as a standin for all the lesser characters who have been and will be killed by the heroes of the iliad. Helenus, the chief augur of troy, commands hector to return to the city, in order to appoint a solemn procession of the queen and the trojan matrons to the temple of minerva, to entreat her to remove diomed from the fight. Course heros video study guide provides indepth summary and analysis of book 22 of homers epic poem the iliad. He found him in front of the highsterned ships, agonising over the war, communing anxiously with his proud heart.
Chapter summary for homers the iliad, book 22 summary. In book 24 of homers the iliad, priam of troy goes to the myrmidon camp and asks achilles for hectors body. So the fighting raged, while swiftfooted antilochus brought the news to achilles. She has been featured by npr and national geographic for her ancient history expertise. Homer, iliad book 22 theoi classical texts library. But the narrative of the heroic poem chiefly focuses on two chief characters. The title, the iliad, is likely a word your students havent heard before. Home english literature classic books the iliad book vii navigate here note book i book ii book iii book iv book v book vi book vii book viii book ix book x book xi book xii book xiii book xiv book xv book xvi book xvii book xviii book. The theme of achilless wrath, which begins the poem, reaches its highest point in the death of hector, which signals the collapse of troy. In between occurs the fight between hektor and achilles. The epic poem ends with the trojans burying hector. The poem is commonly dated to the 8th or 7th century bc, and many scholars believe it is the oldest extant work of literature in the greek language, making it the first work of european literature. Book xxii, the death of hector, is considered the centerpiece of the iliad. Murray 1 so they throughout the city, huddled in rout like fawns, were cooling their sweat and drinking and quenching their thirst, as they rested on the fair battlements.
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